I enjoyed this piece for your outline of the problems and the attention to higher order considerations such as the elusiveness of proof and the challenge of complex adaptive systems.

Those working in meta research maintain that biomedical science has problems, and those problems need solutions. But I’m not clear on your vision for changes.

You write, “They don’t need to make grandiose claims to knowledge, they just find routes to health.” How do we do that? Your example of our sense of what we should eat seems a counter-example: our evolved senses and drives may be misaligned with our engineered food. More generally, the notion that sense and experience as a path to knowledge has been thoroughly denied.

Thanks for your article.